List of Wi-Fi Protocols
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For more information about standard-compliant (IEEE 802.11) Wi-Fi protocols, see • IEEE 802.11 on Wikipedia.
Standard and non-standard (proprietary) Wi-Fi protocols and extensions:
- • WaveLAN on Wikipedia, or Classic WaveLAN - (before 1997)
- NCR / AT&T / Lucent proprietary, 900MHz / 2.4GHz ISM
- • ARLAN Aironet ARLAN on Wikipedia - (before 1997) Aironet proprietary
- • HiperLAN on Wikipedia - 1996 - unsuccessful wlan standard
- IEEE 802.11 (1997) - • IEEE 802.11 (legacy mode) on Wikipedia:
- 2.4GHz 1, 2Mbps only, DSSS / FHSS, aka IEEE 802.11-1997 or IEEE 802.11-1999
- Whitecap - Cirrus Logic / ShareWave proprietary extension to 802.11, QOS oriented
- 802.11a (1999) - 5GHz, 54Mbps, OFDM
- 802.11b (1999) - 2.4GHz, 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps, DSSS, CCK
- 802.11b+ - Texas Instruments proprietary extension to 802.11b. 22Mbps.
- Also known as Packet Binary Convolutional Code (PBCC) technology, PBCC-22, b+ [1]
- • HiperLAN/2 on Wikipedia - 2000 - unsuccessful wlan standard. PHY similar to 802.11a,
- different MAC (dynamic TDMA similar to modern LTE standard)
- HiSWANa - 2000 (High Speed Wireless Access Network type a) - HiperLAN/2 variant
- • HomeRF on Wikipedia 1.0 - 1.6Mbps FHSS 2.4GHz (Proxim/Intel). 802.11 competitor, defunct.
- HomeRF 2.0 - 10Mbps FHSS 2.4GHz (Proxim/Intel). 802.11 competitor, defunct.
- Whitecap2 - Cirrus Logic / ShareWave proprietary extension to 802.11b, QOS oriented [2]
- • Super G (wireless networking) on Wikipedia - Atheros proprietary, 108Mbps achieved by bonding two 54Mbps 802.11g channels.
- Also marketed as: 108G Technology, 108Mbps 802.11g, and Xtreme G, Turbo G. A similar concept became part of 802.11n (HT 40MHz).
- Super AG - Atheros, similar to Super G, also for 5Ghz band.
- • 125 High Speed Mode on Wikipedia - Broadcom proprietary, 802.11g extension.
- Also known as: 125HSM, Afterburner, 125Mbps 802.11g, SpeedBooster, Turbo G, G Plus, MAXg.
- • Xpress technology on Wikipedia - Broadcom proprietary. Frame bursting in 802.11g.
- A similar concept became part of 802.11n (WME).
- G++ Technology - Texas Instruments proprietary 802.11g extension, 125MBps, packet bursting etc.
- Also marketed as: g+ SuperSpeed [3]
- • Nitro (wireless networking) on Wikipedia - Conexant / Intersil proprietary extension to 802.11g.
- Nitro MX Xtreme - Conexant / Intersil proprietary extension to 802.11g.
- Frame bursting, etc. 140Mbps, also marketed as: DirectLink
- True MIMO - Airgo Networks proprietary MIMO extension to 802.11g. A similar concept became part of 802.11n.
- Also marketed as: SRX (Speed and Range eXpansion). Not compatible with pre-n / draft-n / final 802.11n standard.
- WAPI - (2003-2011) Chinese Wi-Fi standard; officially, the implementation was mandatory for Wi-Fi products in China;
- rarely used in practice; withdrawn in 2011 • Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure on Wikipedia
- WirelessHD aka UltraGig - (2008) Proprietary 60GHz standard by SiBeam (became Silicon Image, later Lattice)
- pre-n - (2005-6) an even earlier version of draft-n...
- draft-n - (2007) Compatible with the final IEEE 802.11n standard up to MIMO 2x2
- 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) - (2009) 72Mbps (20MHz), 150Mbps (HT 40MHz), 300Mbps (HT 40MHz MIMO), 450Mbps (MIMO 3x3)
- 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) - (2013) 450/600Mbps (2.4GHz) & 1300/1750Mbps (5GHz), MIMO up to 4x4, 80MHz channel
- 802.11ac Wave 2 - (2014) MU-MIMO, MIMO up to 8x8, 160MHz channel
- 802.11ad aka WiGig - (2012) 6.75Gbps (60GHz) • Gigabit Alliance Wireless Gigabit Alliance on Wikipedia
- 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) - (2019) MU-MIMO, 2.4/5 GHz, MIMO up to 8x8, 160MHz channel
- 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6E) - (2020) MU-MIMO, 2.4/5/6 GHz, MIMO up to 8x8, 160MHz channel
Unless noted, proprietary protocols are not compatible with each other (for example TI G++ 125Mbps is not compatible with Broadcom 125Mbps HSM).
802.11 network standards
| 802.11 network standards | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency range, or type |
PHY | Protocol | Release date [4] |
Frequency | Bandwidth | Stream data rate [5] |
MIMO streams |
Modulation | Approximate range | |
| Indoor | Outdoor | |||||||||
| (GHz) | (MHz) | (Mbit/s) | ||||||||
| 1÷7 GHz | DSSS, |
802.11 -1997 |
June 1997 | 2.4 | 22 | 1, 2 | N/A | DSSS, |
20 m (66 ft) | 100 m (330 ft) |
| HR- DSSS |
802.11b | September 1999 | 2.4 | 22 | 1, 2, 5.5, 11 | N/A | CCK, DSSS | 35 m (115 ft) | 140 m (460 ft) | |
| OFDM | 802.11a | September 1999 | 5 | 5, 10, 20 | 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 (for 20 MHz bandwidth, divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz) |
N/A | OFDM | 35 m (115 ft) | 120 m (390 ft) | |
| 802.11h | November 2003 | 4.9, 5.0 | ? | ? | ||||||
| 802.11j | November 2004 | 4.9, 5.0 [6] |
? | ? | ||||||
| 802.11y | November 2008 | 3.7 | ? | 5,000 m (16,000 ft) | ||||||
| 802.11p | July 2010 | 5.9 | 200 m | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) [7] | ||||||
| 802.11bd | December 2022 | 5.9, 60 | 500 m | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | ||||||
| ERP | 802.11g | June 2003 | 2.4 | 38 m (125 ft) | 140 m (460 ft) | |||||
| HT [8] | 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) |
October 2009 |
2.4, 5 | 20 | Up to 288.8 | 4 | MIMO-OFDM (64-QAM) |
70 m (230 ft) | 250 m (820 ft) [9] | |
| 40 | Up to 600 | |||||||||
| VHT [8] | 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) |
December 2013 | 5 | 20 | Up to 693 | 8 | DL MU-MIMO OFDM (256-QAM) |
35 m (115 ft) [10] | ? | |
| 40 | Up to 1600 | |||||||||
| 80 | Up to 3467 | |||||||||
| 160 | Up to 6933 | |||||||||
| HE | 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E) |
May 2021 | 2.4, 5, 6 | 20 | Up to 1147 | 8 | UL/DL MU-MIMO OFDMA (1024-QAM) |
30 m (98 ft) | 120 m (390 ft) | |
| 40 | Up to 2294 | |||||||||
| 80 | Up to 4804 | |||||||||
| 80+80 | Up to 9608 | |||||||||
| EHT | 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) |
Dec 2024 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6 | 80 | Up to 11.5 Gbit/s |
16 | UL/DL MU-MIMO OFDMA (4096-QAM) |
30 m (98 ft) | 120 m (390 ft) | |
| 160 (80+80) |
Up to 23 Gbit/s | |||||||||
| 240 (160+80) |
Up to 35 Gbit/s | |||||||||
| 320 (160+160) |
Up to 46.1 Gbit/s | |||||||||
| UHR | 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8) |
May 2028 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6, 42, 60, 71 |
320 | Up to 100000 (100 Gbit/s) |
16 | Multi-link MU-MIMO OFDMA (8192-QAM) |
? | ? | |
| WUR | 802.11ba | October 2021 |
2.4, 5 | 4, 20 | 0.0625, 0.25 |
N/A | OOK (multi-carrier OOK) |
? | ? | |
| mmWave (WiGig) |
DMG [11] | 802.11ad | December 2012 | 60 | 2160 |
Up to 8085 [12] (8 Gbit/s) |
N/A | single carrier, low-power single carrier |
3.3 m (11 ft) [13] | ? |
| 802.11aj | April 2018 | 60 | 1080 [14] | Up to 3754 (3.75 Gbit/s) |
N/A | single carrier, low-power single carrier |
? | ? | ||
| CMMG | 802.11aj | April 2018 | 45 | 540, 1080 |
Up to 15015 [15] (15 Gbit/s) |
4 [16] | OFDM, single carrier |
? | ? | |
| EDMG [17] | 802.11ay | July 2021 | 60 | Up to 8640 |
Up to 303336 [18] (303 Gbit/s) |
8 | OFDM, single carrier |
10 m (33 ft) | 100 m (328 ft) | |
| Sub 1 GHz (IoT) |
TVHT [19] | 802.11af | February 2014 | 54-790 MHz |
6, 7, 8 | Up to 568.9 [20] |
4 | MIMO-OFDM | ? | ? |
| S1G [19] | 802.11ah | May 2017 | 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 |
1-16 | Up to 8.67 [21] (@2 MHz) |
4 | ? | ? | ||
| Light (Li-Fi) |
LC (VLC/ OWC) |
802.11bb | December 2023 (est.) |
800-1000 nm |
20 | Up to 9.6 Gbit/s |
N/A | O-OFDM | ? | ? |
(IrDA) |
802.11 -1997 |
June 1997 | 850-900 nm |
? | 1, 2 | N/A | ? | ? | ||
| 802.11 Standard rollups | ||||||||||
| 802.11-2007 (802.11ma) |
March 2007 | 2.4, 5 | Up to 54 | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||
| 802.11-2012 (802.11mb) |
March 2012 | 2.4, 5 | Up to 150 | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||
| 802.11-2016 (802.11mc) |
December 2016 | 2.4, 5, 60 | Up to 866.7 or 6757 |
DSSS, OFDM | ||||||
| 802.11-2020 (802.11md) |
December 2020 | 2.4, 5, 60 | Up to 866.7 or 6757 |
DSSS, OFDM | ||||||
| 802.11me | September 2024 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6, 60 | Up to 9608 or 303336 |
DSSS, OFDM | ||||||
References
- ↑ What is PBCC Anyway
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ "Official IEEE 802.11 working group project timelines". January 26, 2017. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm.
- ↑ "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n: Longer-Range, Faster-Throughput, Multimedia-Grade Wi-Fi Networks". Wi-Fi Alliance. September 2009. http://www.wi-fi.org/register.php?file=wp_Wi-Fi_CERTIFIED_n_Industry.pdf.
- ↑ "The complete family of wireless LAN standards: 802.11a,b,g,j,n". https://cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_news_from_rs/183/n183_lan.pdf.
- ↑ "The Physical Layer of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE Communication Standard: The Specifications and Challenges". http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2014/WCECS2014_pp691-698.pdf.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Wi-Fi Capacity Analysis for 802.11ac and 802.11n: Theory & Practice". https://www.ekahau.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Wi-Fi_Capacity_Analysis_WP.pdf.
- ↑ "802.11n Delivers Better Range". Wi-Fi Planet. 2007-05-31. http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/3680781.
- ↑ "IEEE 802.11ac: What Does it Mean for Test?". LitePoint. October 2013. http://litepoint.com/whitepaper/80211ac_Whitepaper.pdf.
- ↑ "IEEE Standard for Information Technology". April 2018. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8345727.
- ↑ "802.11ad - WLAN at 60 GHz: A Technology Introduction". Rohde & Schwarz GmbH. November 21, 2013. https://scdn.rohde-schwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_application/application_notes/1ma220/1MA220_3e_WLAN_11ad_WP.pdf.
- ↑ "Connect802 - 802.11ac Discussion". https://www.connect802.com/802-11ac-discussion.
- ↑ "Understanding IEEE 802.11ad Physical Layer and Measurement Challenges". https://www.keysight.com/upload/cmc_upload/All/22May2014Webcast.pdf.
- ↑ "802.11aj Press Release". https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/18/11-18-0698-01-0000-802-11aj-press-release.docx.
- ↑ "An Overview of China Millimeter-Wave Multiple Gigabit Wireless Local Area Network System". IEICE Transactions on Communications. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/E101.B/2/E101.B_2017ISI0004/_pdf.
- ↑ "IEEE 802.11ay: 1st real standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) via mmWave – Technology Blog". https://techblog.comsoc.org/2018/06/15/ieee-802-11ay-1st-real-standard-for-broadband-wireless-access-bwa-via-mmwave/.
- ↑ "P802.11 Wireless LANs". https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/15/11-15-1074-00-00ay-11ay-functional-requirements.docx.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "802.11 Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam". https://www.cwnp.com/uploads/802-11alternatephyswhitepaper.pdf.
- ↑ "TGaf PHY proposal". IEEE P802.11. 2012-07-10. https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/12/11-12-0809-05-00af-tgaf-phy-proposal.docx.
- ↑ "IEEE 802.11ah: A Long Range 802.11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz". July 2013. http://riverpublishers.com/journal/journal_articles/RP_Journal_2245-800X_115.pdf.
